Schizophrenia is classified into several classes. Which of the following lists the five recognized classes?

• A. Residual, Catatonic, Undifferentiated, Paranoid
• B. Residual, Paranoid, Disorganized
• C. Catatonic, Undifferentiated, Paranoid, Disorganized
• D. Residual, Catatonic, Undifferentiated, Paranoid, Disorganized

Answer: (D)

Historically, schizophrenia has been categorized into five subtypes defined by the dominant symptoms. Paranoid features prominent delusions and hallucinations with organized thinking; disorganized features include incoherent speech and behavior with flat or inappropriate affect; catatonic features involve marked motor abnormalities or extreme immobility; undifferentiated covers mixed symptoms that don’t fit the others; residual indicates a history of schizophrenia with only mild or negative symptoms remaining. The option listing all five is correct because it includes every recognized subtype. Note that in current DSM-5 practice these subtypes are no longer used diagnostically, but many exam questions still reference the traditional five.