S4 is best heard at which location?

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Multiple Choice

S4 is best heard at which location?

Explanation:
S4 is an atrial gallop produced by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle late in diastole. It is a low-frequency sound best heard where the left ventricle is closest to the chest wall—the cardiac apex, which is at the left 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line. Placing the patient in the left lateral decubitus position brings the left ventricle closer to the chest wall and enhances the audibility of this low-frequency sound. The base of the heart or the sternal borders are not as favorable for detecting S4 because the vibration is transmitted most clearly from the apex.

S4 is an atrial gallop produced by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle late in diastole. It is a low-frequency sound best heard where the left ventricle is closest to the chest wall—the cardiac apex, which is at the left 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line. Placing the patient in the left lateral decubitus position brings the left ventricle closer to the chest wall and enhances the audibility of this low-frequency sound. The base of the heart or the sternal borders are not as favorable for detecting S4 because the vibration is transmitted most clearly from the apex.

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