Cardiac output is calculated as which of the following?

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Multiple Choice

Cardiac output is calculated as which of the following?

Explanation:
Cardiac output is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, determined by two factors: how much blood is ejected with each beat (stroke volume) and how many beats occur each minute (heart rate). Multiply these together to get the total flow: CO = SV × HR. The order doesn’t change the result, since multiplication is commutative, but this expression directly links the two driving factors of forward blood flow. For example, 70 mL per beat at 70 bpm gives about 4900 mL per minute, roughly 5 L/min. Using division or introducing blood pressure does not describe how CO is calculated.

Cardiac output is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, determined by two factors: how much blood is ejected with each beat (stroke volume) and how many beats occur each minute (heart rate). Multiply these together to get the total flow: CO = SV × HR. The order doesn’t change the result, since multiplication is commutative, but this expression directly links the two driving factors of forward blood flow. For example, 70 mL per beat at 70 bpm gives about 4900 mL per minute, roughly 5 L/min. Using division or introducing blood pressure does not describe how CO is calculated.

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